How to Create Homing Missiles in game : Unity Tutorial

 

What is a Homing Missile?

What is the logic behind Homing Missiles?

How to use Homing Missiles in Unity?

Have these Questions in Your Mind?

No worries. You will get a satisfactory answer to all those questions, right here.

Let’s, start with Introduction

INTRODUCTION

You might have seen Homing Missiles in many movies.

Remembered these scenes from “Marvel’s The Avengers” movie?

If you are not a Marvel fan don’t worry, I am here to help you.

"Homing Missile is the missile which locks target and chases the target until or unless it reaches the target and blasts itself."

There are plenty of games which are using Homing Missiles.

Excited to implement Homing Missiles in your game?

I know you are.

Let’s set the scene setup first

Scene Setup:

1. Create two 2D Objects name them “Missile ” and “Target”.
2. Add a Sprite to them. (You can download the project from below link).
3. Add rigidBody 2D in missile and add Script also name it as ”Homing Missile”

How it actually works?

You might think,

It is easy to Implement Homing Missile. Just use MoveToward/Lerp until it reaches the target. Then just write code and look at what is going on in your scene. (try it and then read further to understand)

It is reaching the target properly but there is no feel of a rocket. (Right Brain:-What is wrong with my code?)

Checkout an actual script for Homing Missiles.

Scripting:

public class HomingMissile : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform target;
    public Rigidbody2D rigidBody;
    public float angleChangingSpeed;
    public float movementSpeed;
    void FixedUpdate ()
    {
        Vector2 direction = (Vector2)target.position - rb.position;
        direction.Normalize ();
        float rotateAmount = Vector3.Cross (direction, transform.up).z;
        rigidBody.angularVelocity = -angleChangingSpeed * rotateAmount;
        rigidBody.velocity = transform.up * movementSpeed;
    }
}

I think script is short but not a sweet one. You can use this homing missile script for your code.

Don’t be scared, I’ll show you how to do it.

Let’s start with the table to introduce variables:

Variable Name	Variable Type	Description
rigidBody	RigidBody2D	rigidBody of the missile to add velocity and change angle.
target	Transform	To get the position of the Target.
angleChangingSpeed	float	The speed to change the angle
movementSpeed	float	Speed of movement

Pure Mathematics: (Open your Brain’s left part)

You need to understand this Picture. That’s How our Homing Missile Works.

First, what you need is “Direction”.

STEP: 1

direction= targetPosition (target.position) - missilePosition(rb.position);

This is how subtraction of two Vector happens (Pythagoras Theorem).

STEP: 2

direction.Normalize();

Normalization means converting vector to unit vector.

Example:

Vector A(3,4)
Normalized(A)=(3/3*3+4*4 , 4/3*3+4*4)=(3/5,4/5)

STEP: 3

Find Amount of rotation to do that.

float rotateAmount=Vector3.Cross(direction,transform.up).z;

Blue Arrow(direction)

Red Arrow(Missile Transform)

green(Resulting Vector).

All three Vectors are perpendicular to each other.that’s why we needed z-axis only.

STEP: 4

Now we need to change angularVelocity of our rigidBody.

rb.angularVelocity = - angleChangingSpeed * rotationAmount.

Minus Sign(-) is used to reverse the direction of movement.

STEP: 5

Adding Velocity to our rigidBody.(just changing the Angle is not Enough).

rb.velocity=tranform.up * movementSpeed.

Stop cheering just yet!

This is not the end!

Missile needs balancing between angleChangingSpeed and movementSpeed.

What if there is no balance between angleChangingSpeed and movementSpeed (Great question! Open right brain is needed here ! )

In the above Image , the missile is heading forward to the target, there is no problem here.

In the above Image, the target has moved to a new position. The missile continues to go toward the target due to angular velocity (in red) , while still going to the place where the target used to be (in black) due to its velocity. (Thinking what is wrong.?)

In the above Image, the missile's velocity forces it to move at the side of the target (black) while the angular velocity tries to pull the missile to the target. (Now you might feel there is something suspicious).

In the above Image, the missile falls into a stable orbit around the target and never reaches its goal.

The black arrows indicate a velocity vector while the red lines indicates angular velocity. (That’s why need a balance between angleChangingSpeed and velocity).

Considering that there is no friction in space, there is nothing to slow the velocity of the missile down and collapse the orbit.

That is how whole Universe is trapped (Thank God for this error else there is no life!).

Now, How to Fix this Problem ?

Well, There is no particular formula to balance them, but by Increasing angle or decreasing velocity will help you there.

 

That’s It for Homing Missile from my side..!

But I'm Hoping to see your homing Missiles in my comment box as well as in your game.. ;)

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